Correlation of acromial morphology in association with rotator cuff tear : a retrospective study

Purpose: There have been many studies that have attempted to correlate radiographic acromial characteristics with rotator cuff tears, but the results have not been conclusive. Rotator cuff tears (RCT) are the common aetiology of shoulder pain. We assessed the association of rotator cuff tears with commonly used radiographic parameters of acromial morphology and their different radiographic characteristics. Material and methods: From a retrospective study of 98 patients, we characterised acromial type and measured acromial thickness (AT), critical shoulder angle (CSA), lateral acromial angle (LAA), acromiohumeral distance (AHD), and acromion index (AI) on a 1.5T MRI, from 68 patients with partial or full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tears and 30 controls without tears. Results: Out the 68 patients with rotator cuff tear, supraspinatus was the most commonly affected tendon, with 86% (59) cases showing abnormalities. The average age of the patients was 45.11 ± 21.45 years with male dominance (80%). Partial tears of rotator cuff were more common than complete tears. Forty-eight cases showed partial tears in supraspinatus as compared to 11 cases of complete tears. The acromial type did not show any correlation with any particular cuff lesion. The AT and AI of controls were significantly smaller than cuff-tear patients. The LAA of cuff-tear patients was significantly different from that of control patients. The impingement patients demonstrated a significantly greater acromial thickness, larger CSA, decreased AHD, and decreased LAA than their control counterparts. Conclusions: A higher prevalence of rotator cuff tears and impingement associated with low lateral acromial angle, larger CSA and decreased AHD was observed. AT and AI have a direct correlation with rotator cuff tear

Giant-cell tumour of proximal radius in a 50-year-old female with wrist drop: a rare case report

Abstract Giant-cell tumour is a locally aggressive tumour of long bones of epiphyseal region commonly occurring in adults aged 20–40 years. Most common location is distal femur, proximal tibia, and distal radius. Different treatment options being used are curettage with bone graft or bone cement, resection with arthrodesis, reconstruction, radiation, and chemotherapy. We are reporting a case of giant-cell tumour of right proximal radius in a 50-year-old female with posterior interosseous nerve palsy. It is very rare, and only four cases have been reported in the literature. It was treated by wide margin resection with fibular grafting, titanium elastic nail system along with cancellous bone graft reconstruction

Isolated facial cutaneous sarcoidosis

Isolated cutaneous sarcoidosis is a rare multisystemic granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. Cutaneous lesions have been classified into specific and nonspecific depending on the presence of noncaseating granulomas on histopathologic studies. Macrophages most likely initiate the response of sarcoidosis by presenting unidentified antigens to CD4+ lymphocytes. A persistent poorly degradable antigen-driven CMI response leads to cytokine cascade, granulomaformation, and fibrosis. In the present study, we report a case of isolated cutaneous sarcoidosis, localized to the face, in an adolescent girl without systemic manifestations which is a rare entity

Studies on the synthesis of bis-quaternary ammonium salts of geometrical isomers and its potential as bioregulators

290-298Tertiary amine N,N-dimethyl-2-nitrophenylmethanamine 4 prepared from 2-nitrobenzaldehyde 3 by Leuckart’s reaction and (3-N,N-diethylamino-2-hydroxypropyl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl) prop-2-en-oate 9 and 3-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxypropyl 2-(4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy)acetate 14 prepared through the formation of glycidyl ester have been reacted with  dichlorides of maleic acid and fumaric acid, which in turn have been prepared by reacting these acids with thionyl chloride to get bis-quaternary ammonium salts 1a-c and 2a-c. The synthesized salts 1a-c and 2a-c are tested  on rice (Oryza sativa, PR-114) for their biological activity. All the tested compounds are found to possess good plant growth retardant activity. Compound 2c is found to be the best plant growth retardant among the six newly synthesized compounds

Double inferior vena cava with L-type crossed fused renal ectopia: A rare case report

Duplication of the inferior vena cava (IVC), a rare anomaly reported to occur in 0.2-3% of the population and is known to be associated with various urogenital tract anomalies such as horseshoe kidneys, crossed fused ectopia and circum-aortic renal collar, retroaortic left renal vein and cloacal exstrophy. Inferior vena cava anomalies are rare, Some of such variations have significant clinical, surgical and radiological implications related to other cardiovascular anomalies and in some cases associated with venous thrombosis of lower limbs, particularly in young adults due to the inappropriate venous return increases the pressure, leading to blood stasis in lower extremities and development of varices. Left-sided IVC may cause misdiagnosis with para-aortic lymph node enalargement, and may cause difficulties in the transjugular approach for IVC filter implantation. So, these anomalies should be recognized carefully

Assessment of Anthropometric Measurements of External Ear Among Known Population: An Institutional Based Study

Background: The size, shape, position, and projection of the ear all influence the appearance of the individual. The present study was conducted to assess anthropometric measurements of external ear among known population.Materials & Methods: 112 subjects of both genders were recruited, and measurement of ear was done. Data such as name, age, gender etc. was recorded. Pictures with camera were obtained on white paper. Various landmarks of the auricle were identified. Results: Out of 112 subjects, males were 60 and females were 52. The mean length was 64.5 mm in males and 63.1 mm in females. Width was 32.8 mm and 30.5 mm in males and females, length above tragus was 29.4 mm and 28.3 mm in males and females respectively, length below tragus was 21.0 mm and 20.4 mm, tragus length was 14.9 mm and 14.3 mm, concha length was 23.5 mm and 22.9 mm, concha width was 17.2 mm and 17.0 mm in males and females, lobule height was 12.4 mm and 11.5 mm, lobule width was 20.3 mm and 19.4 mm respectively.Conclusion: Assessment of parameters of ear is helpful in detecting various ear abnormalities

Study of Estimation of Stature from Measurements of Extremities Dimensions: A Radiological Study

Personal identification is one of the main tasks of forensic research. Stature, age, sex, and ancestry helps in narrowing down the pool of the possible victim matches in the forensic investigation process and thus provide useful clues to the investigating agency in establishing the identification of the individuals. Hence, the present study was conducted with the aim of assessing the stature from measurements of extremities dimension.Materials& Methods: A total of 50 male cases and 50 female cases were enrolled in the present study. Only those were enrolled which were more than 20 years of age. Hand radiographs were taken. Dimensions were marked and length and breadth of hands was assessed. All the results were recorded and analysed. Results: Mean stature of males and females was 169.21 cm and 153.12 cm respectively. Mean right hand length was 18.12 cm and 16.95 cm respectively. Mean left hand length was 18.09 cm and 16.92 cm respectively. Mean left hand breadth was 8.89 cm and 7.49 cm respectively. While analysing statistically, it was seen that mean stature was significant correlated with hand length and hand breadth.Conclusion: Mean stature significantly correlates with hand length and hand breadth

Spinal tuberculosis: imaging features on MRI

Introduction: Spine is the most common site of skeletal tuberculosis.Radiographic manifestations of tuberculous spondylitis include intraosseous and paraspinal abscess formation, subligamentous spread of infection, vertebral body destruction and collapse, and extension into the spinal epidural space. Significant instability and deformity of the spine can result, mandating prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent permanent neurologic damage. Objective: This is a prospective and descriptive study to evaluate the role of MRI in spinal tuberculosis and various spectrum ofits manifestations. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was on 25 patients of either age or sex with clinical suspicion of spinal TB over a period of 2 years and subsequently went MR Imaging and features were correlated with other investigations and histopathological diagnosis in few patients. Results: Thoracic spine was the most common site of involvement.Vertebral body wedge collapse or compression fracture was seen in 64 % of patients. Posterior element involvement was found in 10 out of 25 cases. Prevertebral & paravertebral collections were seen in88% of cases. Epidural soft tissue component was seen in 56% of cases. Conclusion: MRI is the best diagnostic modality for spinal TB and to demonstratethe various associated manifestations which help in assessing the extent and severity of the disease and thus inearly and correct management planning

Adult onset seizures: Clinical, etiological, and radiological profile

Introduction: Adult onset seizure disorder is a major public health concern in terms of burden of disease, nature of illness, and its impact on individual, family, and community. This study was done to assess the clinical profile and etiology of adult onset seizures and correlates of clinical and radiological pattern. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted on 100 cases presenting with adult onset seizures. Results: Adult onset seizures were most prevalent in the young and middle-aged adults than elderly; generalized seizures were more common than focal seizures. However, the incidence of generalized seizures showed a falling trend as the age advanced whereas focal seizures increased in incidence with advancing age. Overall, the most common etiology of seizures was stroke, followed by idiopathic and central nervous system infections; yet, most common etiology of adult onset generalized and focal seizures was idiopathic and stroke, respectively. Regarding etiology, among younger adults, idiopathic seizures were predominant, whereas among middle aged and elderly, stroke was the most common etiology. Conclusions: It is mandatory to deal carefully with each case of adult onset seizure with a tailor-made approach. Identification and awareness about the etiological factors and seizure type help in better management of these patients. Primary care physicians play a pivotal role in identifying patients with adult onset seizures and should encourage these patients to undergo neuroimaging so as to arrive at an appropriate etiological diagnosis. In the face of recent advances in neuroimaging techniques, the future prospective management of adult onset seizures appears bright and convincing

Association of levels of serum inhibin b and follicle-stimulating hormone with testicular vascularity, volume, and echotexture in children with undescended testes

Aims: The aim of our study was to assess the association between reproductive hormones (inhibin B [inh B], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]) with testicular volume, echogenicity, and blood flow (resistive index [RI]) in children with undescended testis (UDT). Settings and Design: This was a prospective study of 1-year study duration. Materials and Methods: A total of 33 patients (16 unilateral and 17 bilateral) UDTs aged 5-12 years with palpable UDT were included in the study. Morning fasting blood samples were taken for estimation of serum inh B and FSH as well as inh B/FSH ratio. Testicular ultrasound was done to compute testicular volume, testicular echogenicity, and testicular vascularity in terms of RI. Results: The mean age of patients enrolled in the study was 8.29 years for unilateral UDT and 7.97 years in bilateral UDT and it was comparable. The study groups were further subdivided into two age-wise subgroups school goers (5-8 years) and prepubertal (9-12 years). The values of inh B, FSH, and inh B/FSH ratios as well as mean testicular volume were comparable between both groups and subgroups. Overall mean testicular volume had a positive correlation with FSH, inh B, and inh B/FSH, but statistical significance was reached only for inh B (P 0.6 were separately studied. The incidence of high RI (>0.6) was also comparable in unilateral or bilateral disease. These subjects had unfavorable biochemical parameters in terms of low inh B levels and high FSH levels. Conclusions: Our findings hint to the fact that palpable UDT forms a homogenous group, whether unilateral or bilateral, whereas impalpable testes may form a separate category and need further studies to substantiate this hypothesis